Author(s): Seema Rani

Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law enforcement has transformed policing, investigative procedures, and public safety management. AI technologies ranging from predictive policing algorithms to facial recognition systems and automated decision-making platforms offer significant efficiency gains, analytical accuracy, and rapid response capabilities. However, these advancements also raise profound ethical, legal, and governance challenges, particularly concerning privacy, bias, accountability, and human rights protection. This paper examines the ethical paradox of AI in law enforcement, exploring how technological innovation can simultaneously enhance policing efficiency and threaten civil liberties. The study provides a comprehensive review of AI applications in global law enforcement contexts, highlighting comparative practices from the European Union, United States, and other jurisdictions. It emphasizes the critical importance of human oversight, accountability frameworks, and ethical AI design to ensure that automated systems operate in alignment with constitutional principles and societal expectations. Furthermore, the paper analyzes policy gaps, regulatory fragmentation, and institutional challenges, offering practical recommendations for responsible AI deployment. Strategies include legal reforms, independent audits, human-in-the-loop models, ethical training, public engagement, and international collaboration. Ultimately, this research underscores that AI in law enforcement is neither inherently benevolent nor inherently harmful. Its impact depends on the implementation of robust governance, ethical oversight, and legal safeguards. By embedding ethics, transparency, and accountability into every stage of AI deployment, law enforcement agencies can maximize technological benefits while protecting fundamental rights, fostering public trust, and ensuring justice. The study contributes to ongoing discourse on responsible AI adoption and provides a roadmap for balancing innovation with constitutional and societal imperatives.

DOI: 10.22271/civillaw.2025.v5.i2c.166

Pages: 241-253 | Views: 177 | Downloads: 97

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