Author(s): Sunil Sudhakar Varnekar and Upankar Chutia

Abstract: Geographical Indications have now become important intellectual property tools, linking products to their region of origin and delivering economic, cultural and reputational value in international markets. Using two iconic case studies, the paper analyses the economic returns from GIs using the examples of Basmati rice and Darjeeling tea in India. It relies on doctrinal analysis, history of the matter, recognition of it as a legal right under the Indian Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, and its protection under the TRIPS provisions on an international level. It concludes by saying GI recognition has enhanced export performance, reinforced consumer trust and garnered market premiums, further establishing India as a source of authentic origin-linked products. However, there remain several challenges in terms of counterfeiting, free-rider problem, international dispute, and unfair distribution of benefits among producers, thus constraining the full potential for GI benefits. The findings highlight the importance of GIs providing quantifiable trade and reputational advantages but that they are also dependent on robust enforcement, organization of producers, and being consistent with India's trade policy to have an inclusive economic impact. The experiences of Basmati and Darjeeling also suggest scope for the further extension of GI protection in the case of other Indian products like handicrafts, spices and textiles to ensure sustainable rural development and cultural preservation in the world market.

Pages: 200-206 | Views: 682 | Downloads: 323

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