Author(s): Dr. Rumi Dhar, Sonia Nath and Mayong Tikhak

Abstract: DNA testing is a scientific method that is utilized to aid in the recognition of individuals based on their individual DNA profiles. This process is utilized to determine and confirm the connection between individuals and is commonly referred to as a paternity test. Each person possesses a unique DNA code that distinguishes them from all others on the planet. Offspring inherit their DNA in equal measure from both biological parents. Consequently, it is feasible to establish paternity or identify the biological parents of any individual as long as DNA samples are obtainable from the child and mother, with the exception of cases involving identical twins. Identical twins possess identical DNA and are the only scientifically documented instances where the overarching scientific principle appears to be violated. Since time immemorial, various techniques for identification have been adopted; however, DNA profiling has been proven to be the infallible one. Identification is the key question that needs to be answered in civil and criminal cases. Thus, it can be said that paternity testing is the tool through which the paternity of a person can be identified when such a relationship is in question. Apart from paternity disputes, DNA testing is also helpful in cases of maintenance, rape. Moreover, it is to be considered that such tests should be only for the protection of the rights of a child. Hence, this paper focuses on paternity identification and DNA profiling through a legal lens.

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